The Impact of Myopia on Eye Health: Long-Term Complications and Risks

Myopia is a refractive error that affects the ability to see distant objects clearly. It occurs when the eyeball is slightly longer than normal or when the cornea is too curved. As a result, light entering the eye focuses in front of the retina instead of directly on it, leading to blurred distance vision.
 

The Prevalence of Myopia

Myopia has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. According to the World Health Organization, nearly 2.6 billion people, or about 33% of the global population, were estimated to have myopia in 2020. This number is projected to increase to 5 billion, or about 50% of the global population, by 2050 if no action is taken.
 

Long-term Complications and Risks of Unmanaged Myopia

When myopia is left unmanaged, it can progress rapidly, particularly during childhood and adolescence. High myopia, which is defined as a refractive error of -6.00 diopters or worse, poses the greatest risk for long-term complications. The elongation of the eyeball associated with high myopia can stretch and thin the retina, making it more susceptible to tears or detachment.
 

The impact of myopia on eye health is significant. People with myopia are at a higher risk of developing various eye conditions and complications, including cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and macular degeneration. These conditions can lead to vision loss and have a profound impact on an individual's quality of life.
 

Myopia Management Options

There are several effective options available for managing myopia and reducing the risk of long-term complications.
 

• Orthokeratology (Ortho-K): Ortho-K involves the use of specially designed gas-permeable contact lenses that are worn overnight to temporarily reshape the cornea. This allows for clear vision during the day without the need for glasses or contact lenses. Studies have shown that Ortho-K can slow the progression of myopia in children.
• Soft Multifocal Contact Lenses: These contact lenses have different powers in different zones, with the central zone correcting distance vision and the peripheral zones providing myopia control. They work by reducing the focusing stimulus for near tasks, which may slow the progression of myopia.
•  Atropine Eye Drops: Low-dose atropine eye drops have been shown to effectively slow the progression of myopia in children. Atropine works by dilating the pupil and temporarily relaxing the eye's focusing mechanism.
• Multifocal Eyeglasses: Similar to soft multifocal contact lenses, multifocal eyeglasses can be used to provide clear distance vision while incorporating peripheral defocus to potentially slow myopia progression.
• Behavioral Interventions: Encouraging outdoor activities and reducing near work, such as prolonged reading and screen time, has been associated with a lower risk of myopia development and progression.

It's important to note that the effectiveness of these myopia management options can vary based on individual circumstances. It's essential to consult with your optometrist to determine the most suitable approach for your needs.
 

Taking Proactive Steps to Protect Your Vision and Eye Health

Myopia is a common refractive error that can have a significant impact on eye health if left unmanaged. It is essential to prioritize eye health and take proactive steps to manage myopia effectively. By doing so, individuals can safeguard their vision and reduce the risk of sight-threatening conditions in the long run.
 

Schedule an eye examination to properly manage your myopia and protect your eye health today, visit InSight Eye Care at our office in Oshkosh or Appleton, Wisconsin. Please call (920) 235-5530 or (920) 733-3629 to book an appointment.